Summary of single salt experiments.

All experiments were preformed with:

Flux 20 LMH (permeate flow 17 mL/min)

Crossflow of 0.5 m/s (feed flow 1160 mL/min)

Initial feed volume of 6L.

The concentraiton of the various salts were selected based on concentration of authentic CT reservior water.

NaCl

The first single salt experiment performed was with 3mM NaCl concentration. Where the pressure was logged before and after the the membrane and the TMP was calculated. There is many fluctuations in the data due to insufficient regulations of the regulation pressure valve. The larger pressure fluctuations after 1 h, 2h, 3.5h is due to sampling from the permeate stream, which disrupts the automatic pressure regulation. The TMP decrease slightly from 2.5 bar to 2.3 bar over the time duration of 4 hours.

The conductivity was measure with sensors in the feed and permeate stream. As expected the conductivity in the feed stream increase due to batch setup, and the likewise the conductivity of the permeate stream increase. From these measurements the rejection of conductivity was calculated, which decrease from 50 % - 25 % over time as the conductivity increase in the feed stream.

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Bicarboante was measured in the feed stream and then in permeate and concentrate at the end of the experiment. It is evident from the following plot that the bicarbonate concentration increase in the feed stream, and is significantly lower in the permeate stream and slightly higher in the concentrate stream.

CaCl2 3mM

An experiment with single salt CaCl2 was conducted at concentration 3mM (should have been 1.5 mM).